1.
Effect Of Phytase And Probiotic Supplementation On The Morphology Of Tibia Bone And Pectoralis Muscle In Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
by Asad Hannan (2014-VA-02) | Dr. Saima Masood) | Dr. Hafsa Zaned | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: The uniform provision of protein to the growing human population demands development
of alternative resources for meat production. Among others, the quail farming presents graceful
enterprise because of its better meat quality with greater profit margin. The faster growth rate,
lower generation interval and greater resistance to disease is called the quail as righteous source
for meat stuff. The domesticated Japanese quail can lay up to 300 eggs a year. Quail is
acknowledged for its relatively low price, the typically convenient portions and no religious
restrictions over its consumption. Bone and muscle are the organs that provide the structural
support to birds and serve as a source of minerals and protein. Leg bone deformities and low
growth cause economic losses. Phytase and probiotics as a growth promoter in the feed have
beneficial effect on performance, bone and muscle health of Japanese quail. Two hundred day old
quail chicks were arranged and kept at experimental shed, ART center, UVAS, Lahore. The shed
was fumigated with KMnO4 and 10% Formalin before chick’s arrival. The birds were weighed
and randomly divided into four groups (I, II, III, IV) and each group contained 50 birds with five
replicates (n=10). The experimental design was a complete randomized design (CRD). Birds were
fed starter and finisher commercial corn-based basal diet (BD) supplemented with probiotic
(Bacillus cereus) and microbial phytase with ad-libitum access to fresh water for 28 days. Group-
I was served as control and fed only basal diet, Group-II was given BD + 0.01% microbial phytase.
Group-III was given BD + 0.1% probiotic (Bacillus cereus), Group IV was given BD + 0.01%
microbial phytase + 0.1% probiotic (Bacillus cereus). On day 28, two birds from each replicate
were slaughtered by cutting the carotid arteries with subsequent exsanguination. The left and right
tibia of each quail were detached as drumstick. The drumsticks were labelled and boiled in water
at 1000C for ten minutes and then drumsticks were cooled at room temperature. Flesh on
Summary
36
drumsticks were removed and then for 24 hours, bones were air dried at room temperature.
Concerning with histology of a muscles, pectoralis muscle segments were fixed in neutral buffered
formalin (10%) soon after slaughtering. Tissues were dehydrated by transferring through a series
of alcohol with increasing concentrations, placed into xylene and samples were prepared and
processed through paraffin embedding technique. After this time period the paraffin blocks were
cut at 5 μm thickness and then stained by standard Haematoxylin and Eosin procedure. All slides
were examined under light microscope supplied with camera and connected with a computer. For
Histomorphometry, a commercial program was used. Different parameters which were studied
include body weight gain, weight and length of tibia bone, outside diameter, medullary canal
diameter, wall thickness, weight/length index, bone ash contents, pH and water holding capacity
of pectoralis muscles, fiber diameter, fiber cross sectional area, fascicle diameter, fascicle cross
sectional area, number of muscle fiber per unit area and number of muscle fascicle per unit area.
Results showed that body weight was increased in those groups supplemented with probiotic and
phytase. Weight and length of tibia bone, bone ash contents of Japanese quail supplemented with
probiotic (Bacillus cereus), Phytase and in combination had significant values than that of control
group. There was no significant difference among the groups regarding pH and water holding
capacity observed. Fiber diameter, fiber cross sectional area, fascicle diameter, fascicle cross
sectional area, number of muscle fiber per unit area and number of muscle fascicle per unit area of
pectoralis muscle of Japanese quail had significant differences than that of control group. It is
concluded that probiotic (Bacillus cereus), Phytase and their combination improve the body
weight, morphometric characters of bone and muscles in Japanese quail. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2463-T] (1).
2.
Effect Of Probiotic And Phytase On Histomorphometry Of Small Intestine And Cecal Tonsils In Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)
by Saman Alam (2014-VA-495) | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Hafsa Zainab | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: The morphology of small intestine is known to be altered by its nutritional condition. Intestinal bacteria play a significant role in the nutritional and protective functions of the host. The immunodefence mechanism of the cecal tonsil regulates the proliferation of microflora in the caecum. Probiotic and phytase as a growth promoter in the feed have a beneficial effect on histomorphometry of small intestine and cecal tonsils in Japanese quail.
Bacillus cereus and bacterial phytase may show positive effect on histomorphometric characteristics of small intestine and cecal tonsils in Japanese quail.
200-day old quail chicks were separated into four groups (n=5) with five replicates (n=10). Group-I was kept as control and fed with basal diet, Group-II was fed with BD + 0.1% Bacillus cereus. Group-III was fed with BD+ 0.01% bacterial phytase, Group IV was given BD+ 0.01% phytase + 0.1% probiotic. On 28th day, two birds from each replicate were slaughtered. The small intestine segments (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), cecal tonsils were removed. Specimens of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecal tonsils were washed with normal saline and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Small intestine segments and cecal tonsils were processed by H & E stain. Goblet cell was stained & count with Alcian blue-periodic Acid-Schiff. Slides were observed under light microscope provided with camera and linked with a computer for Histomorphometry.
Data thus collected was analyzed by ANOVA technique using SPSS. The means was further compared using Post Hoc test at P<0.05.
Weight of liver was significantly increased in probiotic group in comparison to control group. The combination of probiotic and phytase supplemented group showed increase in liver weight.
Summary
40
Weight of spleen was not affected with supplementation of probiotic and phytase individually and in combination. The weight of small intestine showed positive effect in combination group as compared to control and other treatment groups. The length of small intestine was increased in probiotic group as compared to other treatment groups and control. No significant result was observed in all experimental groups as compared to control group. In duodenum villus height and villus height: crypt depth and muscularis externa was increased in probiotic group in comparison to other experimental groups and control group. Intraepithelial lymphocytes were increased in duodenum in combination group as compared to treatment groups and control. No significant increase in villus width, muscularis mucosae and villus surface area in duodenum. In jejunum villus height and muscularis externa was increased in probiotic group in comparison to other treatment groups and control group. No significant differences were observed in villus width, crypt depth, surface area and muscularis mucosa in between the groups. In ilium villus height, muscularis mucosa thickness and muscularis externa thickness was enhanced in probiotic group as compared to other treated groups. In phytase supplemented group the villus width and intra epithelial lymphocytes were increased as compared to control and other treated groups. In cecal tonsils height and width of lymphatic nodules was enhanced in combination group in comparison to control and other treatment groups.
Dietary supplementation of probiotic and phytase may be useful in enhancing intestinal microarchitecture and immunomodulatory effect in Japanese quail. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2704-T] (1).
3.
In Vitro Comparison of Buffer Temperature on Electrophysiological & Histological Indices of Ruminal Epithelium
by Muhammad Jawad Masood Khan (2014-VA-817) | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: CD corrupted. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2698-T] (1).
4.
Evaluation Of Multiple Heated Oil Consumption On Liver And Kidney Health In Male And Female Rats
by Sehar Ashraf (2014-VA-528) | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Reuse of oil during food making is practiced worldwide. This practice is established not only by roadside food stalls but also customary to food outlets, restaurants and hotels in big cities. The process of heating and reheating of dietary oil results in oxidation of oil and generation of free radicals and toxic compounds. These toxic compounds cause red patches and necrosis in liver and kidney, antioxidants decreases also.
The consumption of multiple heated oil may affect liver and kidney health in male and female rats. Eighteen male and eighteen female Wistar rats were taken and divided into groups. Group-I (negative control) fed chow diet and sub-divided into two groups, based upon gender, IA (negative control males) and IB (negative control females). Group-II was given chow diet mixed with 15% v/w single time heated oil and sub-divided into two groups based on gender i.e., IIA and IIB. Animals in sub-groups IIIA and IIIB were fed on chow diet mixed with 15% v/w multiple heated oil. Blood samples were collected at the end of four weeks of study. Hepatic (AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin) and renal (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid) functions, oxidants and antioxidants (in blood and (liver, kidney) tissues) parameters were studied. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA on SPSS. Differences between the groups were compared by the Tukey’s test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Upon feeding of fried oil liver and kidney damage occurred due to oxidation of oil. But in our present study single time and multiple time heated oil consumption did not damage liver and kidney. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and liver catalase significantly higher values in oil feeding groups confirm that chow diet was energy deficient whereas oil supplementation enhance diet energy.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2723-T] (1).
5.
Effects Of Dietary Supplementation Of Drumstick Tree Leaf Powder On Anthropometric Parameters, Serum Lipid Profile And Thyroid Function Hormones In Rats Exposed To Thermal Stress
by Raja Majid Masoud (2015-VA-433) | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2017Dissertation note: Introduction: There are a number of stressors which adversely affects the normal homeostasis
of the body. One of them is thermal stress which has marked damaging effect on the normal
physiology of an individual. Drumstick tree is a versatile plant from Moringaceae family.
Drumstick tree is a best food plant but it also has a large potential as a medicinal plant . Due to
rich source of flavonoids, β-carotenes, vitamin A & D, DST is known as a best natural antioxidant.
The leaves of Drumstick tree contain phenolic compounds, which have
hypocholesterolemic and hypolipodemic properties. It also possess cardio protective, hepatoprotective
and renal protective activities due to its rich anti-oxidant potential.
Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that Drumstick tree leaf powder supplementation will
ameliorate the growth performance, serum lipid profile and thyroid function in rats exposed to
thermal stress
Methodology: Adult female Wistar rats (n= 24) were procured and housed in stainless steel
cages in the experimental animal shed of department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and
Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan. After acclimatization, rats were divided in to four groups
(One control and 3 DSTLP treated groups). Rats were exposed to high environmental
temperature(37±1°C) for one hour daily(12.00 Pm-1.00 Pm) throughout the experimental period
of 21 days for the induction of heat stress(Sinha. 2007). Anti-stress properties of Drumstick tree
leaf powder were examined by measuring biochemical parameters, i.e. anthropometry, serum
lipid profile, thyroid function hormones, serum cortisol, total protein, albumin and globulin
(Ohkawa et al. 1979). Analysis of all these parameters was carried out by using commercially
available kits provided by Human Diagnostics, Germany.
Summary
37
Results: Results from the present study revealed that Drumstick tree leaf powder
supplementation during thermal stress has a significant effect (P<0.05) on serum lipid profile,
total protein, albumin globulin, thyroid function hormones (T3 & T4) and cortisol. On the other
hand, Drumstick tree leaf powder demonstrated a non-significant effect (P>0.05) on
anthropometric parameters.
Statistical analysis: The data was analyzed by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
using SPSS software. The group differences were compared by the Tukey’s Test. Differences
was considered significant at P < 0.05.
Conclusion: From this study, it was concluded that Drumstick tree leaf powder (MOLP) has a
potent antioxidant potential by lowering cholesterol, TG and LDL-cholesterol with marked
ameliorative effect on TP, albumin and globulin in heat stressed rats. Further studies are required
to explore the potential of other portions of this plant in heat stress. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2799-T] (1).
